Table 13- Modern Notation

(To be used only in modern music)

A. Notes with Unusual Shape

			Black note head with no stem
			X-shaped note head
			Vertical stems that designate quasi-notes
			Diamond or triangle-shaped note head
			End of a slanting line to designate approximate pitch (quasi-note)
			When no specific note value appears, the value of an 8th note is used, i.e.,

B. Tone Clusters

			Tone cluster with natural sign
			Tone cluster with flat sign
			Tone cluster with sharp sign
			Tone cluster with no accidentals specified
i.e., play evey note in this octave as a chord

C. "Fan-shaped" Rhythmic Groups

			Accelerando within rhythmic group
			Ritardando within rhythmic group
			Steady rhythm
			End of Rhythmic group as shown in print