English Braille
American Edition
1994


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Definition of Braille

Rules of Braille
  1. Punctuation Signs
  2. Special Composition Signs
  3. Format
  4. Asterisk, Footnotes, References
  5. Accent Sign, Diphthongs, Foreign Languages
  6. Abbreviations
  7. Numbers and Roman Numerals
  8. Coinage, Weights, and Other Special Symbols
  9. Poetry, Scansion, and Stress
  10. General Use of Contractions
  11. One-cell whole-word contractions
  12. One-cell part-word contractions
  13. Lower Signs
  14. Initial-letter contractions
  15. Final-letter contractions
  16. Short-form words

Appendices
  • Index
    Typical and Problem Words

    Indices
  • Index
    BRL Courses
  • Intro to Braille
  • Braille Transcribers
  • Specialized Codes


  • RULE XV — FINAL-LETTER CONTRACTIONS





    Dots 4-6 Contractions

    SignLetters
    SignLetters
    SignLetters
    .dound .nsion .tount
    .eance .sless

    Dots 5-6 Contractions

    SignLetters
    SignLetters
    SignLetters
    ;eence ;lful ;tment
    ;gong ;ntion ;yity
    ;sness

    Dots 6 Contractions

    SignLetters
    SignLetters
    ,nation ,yally

    46. Final-letter contractions should be used in the middle or at the end of a word, or at the beginning of a line in a divided word. They may never begin a word nor be used alone as a whole word, nor should they be used when preceded by the hyphen or the apostrophe. Ex:

    grey'ound grey'\nd 'Tion! ',tion6

    con-sti-tu-tion con-/i-tu-tion

    useless- use.s-
    ness ;s


    Examples


    Used
    Not Used
    oundfound'ounds
    .df.d '\nds

    foundry



    f.dry


    ancechancellorancestor
    .e *.ellorance/or

    Frances

    ,fr.es
    sionconfusionSion
    .n 3fu.n ,sion

    expressionless

    expres.n.s


    lessblessingless
    .s b.s+ less

    carelesslessee

    c>e.s lessee

    unlesslesson

    un.s lesson


    unlessoned


    unlesson$

    ountcountryRountree
    .t c.try ,r\ntree

    county

    c.ty


    amount

    am.t


    encefencesencephalitis
    ;e f;es 5cephalitis

    commencement

    -m;e;t


    thence

    ?;e


    (See §a. below.)


    ong mongrel congruous
    ;g m;grel 3gru\s

    pongeeincongruous

    p;gee 9congru\s

    tongue

    t;gue


    fulcarefullyfully
    ;l c>e;lly fully

    cheerfulfulfill

    *e];l fulfill


    unfulfilled


    unfulfill$

    tiondiction
    ;n dic;n

    fractional

    frac;nal


    nessfinesseNesselrode
    ;s fi;se ,nesselrode

    business (See §b. below.)

    busi;s


    Tennessee

    ,t5;see

    (See §b. below.)


    mentmementoment
    ;t me;tom5tal

    comment

    -;t


    itypityhoity-toity
    ;yp;yhoity-toity

    deity (See §c. below.)

    de;y

    ation (See §d. below.) (See §d. below.)
    ,n



    ally rallyingally
    ,y r,y+ ally

    usuallyre-ally

    usu,y re-ally

    really (See §c. below.)

    re,y



    Exceptions

    a. The contraction "ence" should be used when followed by "d" or "r." Ex:

    commenced -m;ed

    silencer sil;er

    Spencer ,sp;er

    b. The contraction "ness" should be used in such easily read words as:

    baroness b>o;s

    governess gov];s

    lioness lio;s

    but not where the root word ends in "en" or "in." Ex:

    chieftainess *iefta9ess

    citizeness citiz5ess

    XV-6 RULE XV. 46.c.

    c.  The contractions "ity" and "ally" should not be used where "y" has been added to a base word. Ex:

    fruity fruity squally squally

    d. The contraction "ation" should be used in preference to the letter "a" and the contraction "tion." Ex:

    education $uc,n stationary /,n>y

    ration r,n