Headings
Headings, such as chapter headings, typically follow the print format, with some exceptions. Often times print materials make use of boldface and/or italics to set off the headings -- these should be brailled using normal capitalization. Italics can be used, but only if is needed to explicitly make a word or phrase stand out.
Braille uses four kinds of headings:
- centered: used to represent major units of the text
- Cell 5 headings: used to represent subsections under centered (major) headings in the text
- paragraph:
- column headings
General rules for headings are:
- headings are preceded and followed by one blank line
- headings are centered with three blank cells before and after. Long headings are placed on consecutive lines
- there should be at least two lines of regular text following a heading and the end of the page. If this is not possible, then the heading should be placed on the next page.
- headings that occupy an entire page should be brailled as if they were on the page with the regular text.
Sub-Headings
Sub-headings are typically referred to in braille as "Cell-5" headings, meaning that they start in Cell-5. Cell-5 headings are only used under a centered heading, such as a chapter heading. Cell-5 headings are blocked, meaning runovers also begin in Cell 5. A blank line precedes Cell-5 headings but no blank line follows one.
You will also, on occasion, find texts that use blank lines to isolate a passage of text, such as a quote. You should, in the effort to conserve space., use only one blank line of braille, regardless of the formatting used in the text.
An example of headings is included, along with some brief commentary about the example. The entire is included for your reference.
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